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The Z Shell Manual

This Info file documents Zsh, a freely available UNIX command interpreter (shell), which of the standard shells most closely resembles the Korn shell (ksh), although it is not completely compatible. Zsh is able to emulate POSIX shells, but its default mode is not POSIX compatible, either.

Version 5.9, last updated May 14, 2022.

1. The Z Shell Manual  
2. Introduction  
3. Roadmap  
4. Invocation  
5. Files  
6. Shell Grammar  
7. Redirection  
8. Command Execution  
9. Functions  
10. Jobs & Signals  
11. Arithmetic Evaluation  
12. Conditional Expressions  
13. Prompt Expansion  
14. Expansion  
15. Parameters  
16. Options  
17. Shell Builtin Commands  
18. Zsh Line Editor  
19. Completion Widgets  
20. Completion System  
21. Completion Using compctl  
22. Zsh Modules  
23. Calendar Function System  
24. TCP Function System  
25. Zftp Function System  
26. User Contributions   
— Indices —
Concept Index  
Variables Index  
Options Index  
Functions Index  
Editor Functions Index  
Style and Tag Index   
— The Detailed Node Listing —

Introduction
2.1 Author  
2.2 Availability  
2.3 Mailing Lists  
2.4 The Zsh FAQ  
2.5 The Zsh Web Page  
2.6 The Zsh Userguide  
2.7 See Also   
Invocation
4.2 Compatibility  
4.3 Restricted Shell   
Shell Grammar
6.1 Simple Commands & Pipelines  
6.2 Precommand Modifiers  
6.3 Complex Commands  
6.4 Alternate Forms For Complex Commands  
6.5 Reserved Words  
6.7 Comments  
6.8 Aliasing  
6.9 Quoting   
Expansion
14.1 History Expansion  
14.2 Process Substitution  
14.3 Parameter Expansion  
14.4 Command Substitution  
14.5 Arithmetic Expansion  
14.6 Brace Expansion  
14.7 Filename Expansion  
14.8 Filename Generation   
Parameters
15.2 Array Parameters  
15.3 Positional Parameters  
15.4 Local Parameters  
15.5 Parameters Set By The Shell  
15.6 Parameters Used By The Shell   
Options
16.1 Specifying Options  
16.2 Description of Options  
16.3 Option Aliases  
16.4 Single Letter Options   
Zsh Line Editor
18.2 Keymaps  
18.3 Zle Builtins  
18.4 Zle Widgets  
18.5 User-Defined Widgets  
18.6 Standard Widgets  
18.7 Character Highlighting   
Completion Widgets
19.2 Completion Special Parameters  
19.3 Completion Builtin Commands  
19.4 Completion Condition Codes  
19.5 Completion Matching Control  
19.6 Completion Widget Example   
Completion System
20.2 Initialization  
20.3 Completion System Configuration  
20.4 Control Functions  
20.5 Bindable Commands  
20.6 Utility Functions  
20.8 Completion Directories   
Completion Using compctl
21.3 Command Flags  
21.4 Option Flags  
21.5 Alternative Completion  
21.6 Extended Completion  
21.7 Example   
Zsh Modules
22.2 The zsh/attr Module  
22.3 The zsh/cap Module  
22.4 The zsh/clone Module  
22.5 The zsh/compctl Module  
22.6 The zsh/complete Module  
22.7 The zsh/complist Module  
22.8 The zsh/computil Module  
22.9 The zsh/curses Module  
22.10 The zsh/datetime Module  
22.11 The zsh/db/gdbm Module  
22.12 The zsh/deltochar Module  
22.13 The zsh/example Module  
22.14 The zsh/files Module  
22.15 The zsh/langinfo Module  
22.16 The zsh/mapfile Module  
22.17 The zsh/mathfunc Module  
22.18 The zsh/nearcolor Module  
22.19 The zsh/newuser Module  
22.20 The zsh/parameter Module  
22.21 The zsh/pcre Module  
22.22 The zsh/param/private Module  
22.23 The zsh/regex Module  
22.24 The zsh/sched Module  
22.25 The zsh/net/socket Module  
22.26 The zsh/stat Module  
22.27 The zsh/system Module  
22.28 The zsh/net/tcp Module  
22.29 The zsh/termcap Module  
22.30 The zsh/terminfo Module  
22.31 The zsh/watch Module  
22.32 The zsh/zftp Module  
22.33 The zsh/zle Module  
22.34 The zsh/zleparameter Module  
22.35 The zsh/zprof Module  
22.36 The zsh/zpty Module  
22.37 The zsh/zselect Module  
22.38 The zsh/zutil Module   
Calendar Function System
23.2 File and Date Formats  
23.3 User Functions  
23.4 Styles  
23.5 Utility functions  
23.6 Bugs   
TCP Function System
24.2 TCP User Functions  
24.5 TCP User Parameters  
24.8 TCP Examples  
24.9 TCP Bugs   
Zftp Function System
25.2 Installation  
25.3 Functions  
25.4 Miscellaneous Features   
User Contributions
26.2 Utilities  
26.3 Remembering Recent Directories  
26.4 Abbreviated dynamic references to directories  
26.5 Gathering information from version control systems  
26.6 Prompt Themes  
26.7 ZLE Functions  
26.8 Exception Handling  
26.9 MIME Functions  
26.10 Mathematical Functions  
26.11 User Configuration Functions  
26.12 Other Functions   






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Zsh version 5.9, released on May 14, 2022.